What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a behaviour disorder in children. It is characterised by overactivity and restlessness, combined with a short attention span and high susceptibility to distraction.

What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and who is at risk? A number of conditions that affect the brain may be associated with this disorder, including cerebral palsy (difficulty with movement as a result of damage to the developing brain), epilepsy (recurrent seizures) and poor mental ability (mental retardation). A difficult or traumatic childbirth may also be a contributing factor. In other children, no evidence of abnormal brain function is found, and the behavioural disturbance may be due to difficulties in the child’s social environment. Factors such as conflict between parents and children, rivalries with brothers and sisters, poor school performance or an inadequate school environment may contribute to the bad behaviour. Boys are four- to five-times more likely to be affected than girls.

What are the common symptoms and complications of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?


Abnormal behaviour is usually first noticed at the age of three to four years. Your child may be constantly restless, impulsive, irritable and often emotionally immature. Aggressiveness and poor discipline are common. Your child may show no sense of danger, wandering out of the house, climbing fearlessly and ignoring repeated warnings. Starting school often highlights the problem or makes it worse. Learning is severely impaired, and affects both school work and the ability of your child to acquire social skills. Disturbance of attention and concentration are common, the major result being an inability to learn. As your child grows older, he or she may engage in antisocial behaviour and be unaware of the consequences. Sometimes affected children are clumsy, and problems with the development of language skills and speech delay are common. Children with this disorder are more likely to be less intelligent than other children, but often intelligence is normal or high.

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